SMARThealth” (Systematic Medical Appraisal, Referral, and Treatment), an innovative primary healthcare approach with mobile technology support, already operational in India and Indonesia (Figure 2). Similarly, COBRA-BPS, involving government community health workers, physician training, and care coordination, is enhancing primary healthcare across Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. These strategies have demonstrated their efficacy in enhancing guideline-based preventative healthcare for NCDs. Building on these successes, we envisage an extension of these PHC strategies to tackle environmental hazards and a broader spectrum of health conditions. This expansion aims to cater to vulnerable communities experiencing environmental shifts while operating within fragile healthcare systems.
